Friday, June 24, 2011

Abroad Studies


Education System!  Abroad and Here
                Education means the way of living life, socialization, learning the way the life style of people, their culture and so on .The meaning of Education is so vast that the definition can't be defined in one sentences. In facts Education bears the ability to open new vision to both individual as well as for the country. But due to lack of visionary planning, production-oriented education policy and significance of education, the country is lagging far behind in the path of development.
                Each year large share of the government budget is allocated to public schools and college, but allocated budget is not properly utilized, due to different cause like Political situation, Banda etc. Not only this nowadays Education has become a good source of income, where quality don't matter what matter is quantity. Establishment of large number of school also show how competitive is it being. If utilized also not properly managed, distributed. The other condition is that school specially use or follow the outdate curriculum and they use their unnecessary technique in teaching.     
                While talking about the history of education, it's not much of time in development. Since the beginning of human evolution, writing and teaching was passed out (workout) but through culture, social values, traditions, morality and religion. In previous society Education was achieved orally and through observation and imitation. Young learn informally from their parents and other family members. Even today in some parts of the world, literacy rate are below 60 percent. Schools, colleges and Universities have not been the only method of formal education and training. Many different professional have added additional training requirements, and in Europe, from the Middle Ages until the recent time, the skill of trade were not generally learnt in classroom, but by serving an apprenticeship(a period of working).Systemic instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers are now a days considered as formal education. In ancient, during the Vedic periods most education was based on the Veda (formula and incantations, recited and charted by priest). This (Veda) education includes proper pronunciation and recitation of the Veda, the rules of sacrifices, grammar, derivation and composition etc. Some medical knowledge was existed and was taught. Herbal medicines of different diseases, including fever, cough etc. are the examples of medical knowledge. Education in Vedic society at first was free but in course of development it becomes discrimitary as the caste system, originally based on occupation, religion and so on. Upanishads society or period way of learning was somehow different from pervious, they learn through travelling. Here teaching methods used reasoning and questioning. Gurukul system of education supports  only Hindu, although education was free, but students from rich families paid "Gurudakshina" as a voluntary contribution after the completion of their study. At Gurukuls, teacher imparted knowledge of Religion, Scriptures, and Philosophy, Literature, Medicine, Astrology and History etc. All this education was based in sanskrit. After this formal educational system emerge in world.
                Comparing Nepal Education System and Foreign we are much more back ward .While talking about the Nepal here are only few universities (only 5) which show the educational reality of Nepal. Education is considered as preliminary pre-requisite for democracy but we have not made it fundamental right so-far. Education which considered as an agency to establish equality, social transformation, but our policy in fact is far of this. There is growing legitimate demand for education by the citizens but or pattern of supply of education is basically as commodity to be made available in the educational market. However, recently education has become commodity for profit with all its ugly face in market economy. Advertisement and other unnecessary expenses are added to the cost of tuition in private sector. Comparing with Japan, Education is compulsory at the elementary and lowers secondary levels. After that they progress to upper secondary level, which is voluntary. Most attend public school in lower secondary. But Universities and upper secondary is popular at private sector. They provides education with age and Grade. So it a bit different from other. At the age of 28 Japanese will complete  Ph.D. Let see Indian Education, Education has been made free for children up to the age of 14 or class 7 under the "Children Right To Free and Compulsory Education" Act 2009.There this is categorized as primary Education .Secondary Education Cover children from age 14-18. Tertiary (Higher Education) System is the third largest in the world, after U.S and China. Research done in year 2009 show that there are 20 Central Universities, 215 State Universities, 100 Deemed Universities. Other institution includes 16000 colleges, out of which 1800 are for women only. Distance Learning is also a features of the Indian Higher Education System. IT Universities and Colleges have highly flourished in India, each year 8000 student enroll in this field. Now lets see Sri-Lanka Education it has got a long history from 300B.C. Education in this country falls under the control of both the (C.G) Central Government and the provincials' Council. Education is categorized as fundamental Right in "The Constitution". 92 Percent are literacy rate of total population here, it higher than excepted from a third world country. It has highest literacy rate in South Asia and overall, it is one of the highest literacy rate in Asia. Most school are maintained by Government as a part of free Education. While seeing the Finland Education it has got rating for the best system overall since the yrs 2000. In world Finland Education is considered as the best. At 2008, Finland also joined Japan at the top leader board to produce the best science student in the world. Finland's 15 years old's are the most literate in the world. Although the country is comparatively small, it has the principal research and development offices of Nokia along with 800 other high-tech companies, some overflowing their expertise into neighboring Russia.

Now at Nepal, After the people Movement-2 Education has been highly emphasized. The upcoming constitution needs to mention the work and responsibility of Central, Federal and Local Bodies (Government). After that model education mode should be developed, which should includes age level, content of study and many more. Here some question raise with upcoming program in future. What will be the strategies, plans (operation) and future programs? What will be the responsibility and work and educational Structure and authority of the Central, Federal and Local Levels of Education? What will be curriculum, test book, method of teaching and learning? Level of Education should be made clear for E.g 2-5 foundation level, 5-7 primary Level and so on. Responsibility of Public and private should be maintained. Level of teacher and staff in both private and public school are to be determined. The conclusion about all these are Educational Act must be made, with new and updated Curriculum. Structure like this can help a lot
Age
Level
Grade
Mode of Operation
1-5
Foundation
Compulsory Education
              (Free)
Government Sector
5-8
Primary
Compulsory Education
              (Free)
Government Sector
8-12
Secondary
Compulsory Education
              (Free)
Government Sector
12-18
Higher Secondary
Compulsory Education
(Loan to Provide by Government)
Government and Private Sector
18 Above
University
---------------------
Government and Private Sector
                                   
Vocational Education should be emphasized from secondary level of Education. Skilled Based training should be given to Higher Secondary and University Level Students. Utilization of IT must be maximum. Only after this Nepali will be well qualified ,equities, Research oriented public. So let be focused on practical basis knowledge.
                                                                                                                                                                                                Rishi Raj Adhikari      

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